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Earth observing satellites can see many different things from

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changing seasons, weather patterns, and land features.

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From their unique view, satellites can also observe the deep swirling

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hues and colors of the ocean.

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Polar orbiting satellites such as NOAA’s JPSS and NASA’s PACE mission

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use specialized instruments
to study ocean biology, chemistry and ecology.

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The instruments detect different colors in the
ocean based on how sunlight interacts

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with what is in it, revealing information
about the marine environment and ecosystem.

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This allows for better ocean observations benefiting coastal

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communities, fisheries, and protected species population.

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For example, water where phytoplankton are abundant appear green,

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while less abundant water appears more blue.

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By looking at colors, these instruments can also detect and predict

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harmful algal blooms, or HABs, that can cause illness.

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With PACE data now available, NOAA is collaborating with NASA to

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develop applications for monitoring the
various indicators of ecosystem.

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NOAA is also preparing for an advanced
Ocean Color (OCX) instrument to be used

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onboard the future Geostationary Extended Observations (GeoXO)
satellites series, currently in development.

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Polar orbiting satellites only pass over certain areas twice a day,

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potentially missing bloom events if they are hidden under clouds.

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Having an ocean color instrument on geostationary satellite such as

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GeoXO will allow continuous monitoring of a specific area.

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Additionally, its higher resolutions imagery will improve observations of 

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water clarity, cholorophyll concentrations, and help
distinguish different types of phytoplankton.

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GeoXO will begin operating in the early 2030s, taking over after the GOES-R series reaches the end of its operational lifetime.

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Earth From Orbit: Ocean Color Observations

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Additional imagery courtesty of NOAA STAR.

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NOAA Logo

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NASA Meatball

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